Perpetual usufruct (użytkowanie wieczyste)

The right to use land owned by the State Treasury or a local authority for a long period set in the agreement, for an annual fee. It works similarly to ownership, but the land formally belongs to the state or the municipality.

Since 2019, perpetual usufruct of land developed for housing purposes has been converted into ownership by operation of law, and the former usufructuaries pay a conversion fee for a specified period. You will still come across perpetual usufruct, among other cases, with land intended for other purposes.